Straddling the Tennessee/North Carolina border, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) is one of America’s hiking treasures. With more than 800 miles of hiking trails in its 500,000 acres of land, GSMNP is a popular destination for hikers. It is also the most popular of all the national parks in the USA with over 10 million visitors each year.
Hypothermia — a drop in body temperature below that needed for normal bodily functions — happens rapidly if a hiker becomes wet and then is exposed to cooler temperatures (e.g., those found at higher elevations or increased cooling caused by increased winds). Few areas of the South receive more precipitation than GSMNP. Rapid warming of the mountains in spring and summer bring frequent afternoon showers, while quickly moving winter weather systems can bring rain or snow, or both, during a day hike.
Hikers, especially beginners, must be prepared for the elements. Rain gear is recommended for all hikers regardless of how sunny the sky may be in the morning. Hikers should also carry an insulating garment (e.g., wool sweater or polar fleece pullover), to prevent losing body heat. Don’t be fooled by warm temperatures in the morning at lower elevations when starting a hike, as conditions can change rapidly in the Great Smoky Mountains.
Proper clothing prevents the loss of body heat, but keeping the body fueled is another important measure to prevent hypothermia. Eat a good breakfast before starting out and carry snacks (e.g., trail mix, fruit, energy bars) to keep your energy levels up throughout the hike. Take water as well as the body needs it for proper metabolism: carry ½ liter of water for each mile of the hike.
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